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Illustrated web page giving very clear explanations and how to’s
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AWG > mm2 – a good tool for converting AWG to mm
Über Rhodium
Rhodium ist ein chemisches Element im Periodensystem der Elemente mit dem Symbol Rh und der Ordnungszahl 45. Das seltene Übergangsmetall ist ein Mitglied der Platinmetalle (nicht zu verwechseln mit der Platingruppe ), kommt in Platinerzen vor und wird in Platinlegierungen als Katalysator verwendet.
Geschichte
Rhodium (griechisch rhodon für Rose) wurde 1803 durch William Hyde Wollaston in einem aus Südamerika stammenden Rohplatinerz entdeckt.
Vorkommen
Wegen des hohen Schmelzpunktes und den Begleitelementen aus der Platinfamilie sowie Gold und Silber ist die industrielle Gewinnung von Rhodium sehr aufwändig. Es wird in der Regel als Ammoniumhexachlororhodat (NH4)3RhCl6 gewonnen und mittels Wasserstoff bei hohen Temperaturen zum Metall reduziert.
Genutzt werden Vorkommen in Südafrika, Ural, Nord- und Südamerika sowie die sulfidischen Kupfer-Nickelerze des Sudbury-Komplexes in Ontario.
Genutzt werden Vorkommen in Südafrika, Ural, Nord- und Südamerika sowie die sulfidischen Kupfer-Nickelerze des Sudbury-Komplexes in Ontario.
Rhodium könnte auch aus abgebrannten Brennelementen gewonnen werden, in dem es mit einen Anteil von einigen Prozent enthalten ist. Das so gewonnene Rhodium enthält radioaktive Isotope mit Halbwertszeiten von bis zu 45 Tagen und müsste vor seiner Freigabe sorgfältig auf Radioaktivität geprüft werden.
Eigenschaften
Rhodium ist ein silberweißes, stark glänzendes, beständiges, sehr hartes Metall, welches aufgrund dieser Eigenschaften einen hohen Oberflächenglanz aufweist. Die Wärmeleitfähigkeit, die elektrische Leitfähigkeit und das Reflexionsvermögen sind höher als bei den anderen Platinmetallen. Erst bei Temperaturen von über 600 °C reagiert Rhodium mit Sauerstoff zu einem Oxid (Rh2O3), das bei höheren Temperaturen wieder zerfällt. Von Mineralsäuren wird Rhodium nicht angegriffen. Auch heißes Königswasser vermag Rhodiumpulver nur langsam aufzulösen. In Cyanid-, Alkali– und Sodaschmelzen und Kaliumhydrogensulfatschmelzen löst es sich.
Verwendung
Rhodium wird hauptsächlich als festigkeitssteigernder Zusatz in Platin– und Palladiumlegierungen verwandt. Sie finden Einsatz als: Heizspiralen, Düsen in der Herstellung von Glasfasern, Thermoelemente,Zündkerzenelektroden im Luftfahrtbereich,Laborgeräte,Kontaktwerkstoffe, Plattierwerkstoffe (Rhodinieren) für optische Geräte, Schmuckwaren und für dekorative Zwecke, Katalysatoren in der chemischen Industrie (Ammoniakverbrennung) und Kraftfahrzeugtechnologie.
Rhodiumsalze zeigen zum Teil sehr schöne, intensive Farben (daher auch der Name = rosenfarbig) Rhodiumsulfatlösung als Grundlage der galvanischen Beschichtung, dem so genannten „rhodinieren“ ist je nach Konzentration gelb bis dunkelorange.
Source: Wikipedia
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RHODIUM (source: Los Alamos National Laboratories, Chemistry Division, USA)
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Atomic number:45
Atomic symbol:Rh
Atomic weight:102,9055
Electron config: [Kr]5s14d8
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Atomic radius:134,5 pm
Melting point:1964 °C
Boiling point:3695 °C
Oxidation states:3
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The name Rhodium comes from the Greek „Rhodon“ which means rose. Rhodium, which is a platinum metal, is the rarest metal on earth (apart from the radioactive metals) and is only a few (less than 10) tons a year are produced. The metal is silvery white and has a higher melting point and lower density than platinum. Rhodium has low electrical resistance, low and stable contact resistance and high resistance against corrosion.
Rhodium is mainly used in alloys with platinum and palladium. Rhodium can only be plated on nickel, silver, gold or platinum. Plated rhodium is extremely hard wearing. Rhodium is sometimes used in spark plugs for aircraft engines, the tip of fountain pens, telephone relays and in the reflectors of headlamps, mirrors and optical instruments. Rhodium is also used in jewellery, as decorations and as a catalyst.
Because of its low and stable contact resistance and its high resistance against corrosion and wear (for example contact surfaces grinding against each other) it is eminently suitable as material in different kinds of connectors. A surface plated with gold, which is a very soft metal, is worn off much faster than a surface plated with a hard metal like Rhodium.
Summing up: Gold is beautiful, but if you want the best (in sound as well) use Rhodium. (Source: Furutech)
TIPS und TRICKS zum LÖTEN IHRER CINCHSTECKER
(Übersetzung auf Deutsch folgt)
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Wash your hands first. On everyone’s skin there’s always grease and by doing so you will prevent that soldering surfaces become greasy / dirty. Use a soldering iron for electronics use, 30 or 40 Watts. This one here is 30 Watts.
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Furthermore you’ll need a sharp hobby knife, a punch, a 2 mm Allen key and a watchmaker’s screwdriver.
Of course, for these audiophile grade connections, you will use our 4% silver solder (accessory).
Put something like yesterday’s paper underneath to protect your working surface.
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Carefully cut 15 mm from the outer insulation, without cutting through the braid underneath.
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Unravel all strands using a pointed tool like a punch.
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Spread all strands evenly.
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Split these strands in two parts, pull both to one side and twist. This way you will prevent this assembly to become too thick to get through your connector and later on it makes soldering easier.
Then cut and remove other screening material, if any, close to these twists.
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Cut 10 mm from the inner insulation, whereby some 5 mm remains. Do this carefully, don’t cut too deep when circumcising with the knife, as the signal core shouldn’t be damaged. Then pull off this piece of insulation by gently turning at the same time.
Next twist the 10 mm signal core firmly, if necessary.
Fold back 4 mm from the end. Thus you’ll prevent this core from splicing when pushed through the connector’s opening.
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Bend the two screen twists forward and push this assembly into the connector.
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Rotate the cable slightly while pushing it in and see to it that the two screen twists end up at the backside of the connector. When half-way, use a small screwdriver to „help“ these twists come out at the right location.
Also take care that the central core finishes up right into the contact pin and further into the tiny hole there. Guide it, if need be and push back strands that possibly came loose. Press the two screening twists over the small „bridge“ provided for soldering and bend both ends a bit downwards.
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Put something heavy like a spanner or plier over the front part of your connector. This way it steadies the connector when soldering and it takes some of the heat from your connector. Take your soldering iron as soon as it is hot and press it to apply heat to one side of the „bridge“ on the backside. We advise to first apply some solder (sparingly) onto this backside of the plug and on the cable ends. When these spots will be hot enough, the applied solder will flow freely, otherwise take some more time to heat. Then the other side of this „bridge“.
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Turn the connector and fix it again with your spanner. Next, solder the signal core by applying heat right onto the central opening of the contact pin. Because this core was twisted and folded back, it will more easily make contact by itself, in addition to the soldering, which is always better.
The connector forms a relatively heavy body and therefore takes up a lot of heat. So it will take some time before solder will flow. When finished, blow at it to cool the new joint. And of course DON’T MOVE IT!
Soldered leads should never „swim“ in a puddle of solder. This wouldn’t form a perfect electronical connection. There should always be a direct contact. Be careful not to overlook loose strands touching the wrong sides, remove or cut these.
At the backside, the soldering joint might protrude too much and as such be in the way when you want to screw home the locking barrel. Use a file to reduce this and don’t forget to blow away any fine particles left, that could cause short-circuit of your precious signals.
Next, fix the cable with the 2 mm hex nut and screw home the locking barrel. If you have an Ohmmeter, check for short-circuits, otherwise you will undoubtedly notice once you install your interconnect and turn up the volume! (slowly of course).
Your cables will need some time to improve on sound quality, reckon with a few weeks. Always use your cables the same direction: an easy method to adopt is to always have your signal follow the direction of the printing on your cables.
Your comments or suggestions will always be welcomed to further improve this topic.
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